Researchers have, for the first time, described the properties of one-dimensional anyons and outlined how these particles can be observed using existing experimental setups.
Physicists have produced experimental evidence that anyons, exotic quasiparticles long thought to exist only in two-dimensional systems, can emerge in strictly one-dimensional quantum platforms. The ...
Fortunately, The Chicago Manual of Style (16th edition) deals with this question on page 388: 8.5 Names with particles. Many names include particles such as de, d', de la, von, van, and ten. Practice with regard to capitalization and spacing the particles varies widely, and confirmation should be sought in a biographical dictionary or other authoritative source. When the surname is used alone ...
1 Its syntactic function is either a particle of the verb does or a complement of the verb does. @LPH has mentioned CoGEL says not is a particle, but the book isn't keen to distinguish between the grammatical function and the grammatical category. So they seem to be simply treating not as sort of a minor part of speech.
A particle of dust, esp. one of the innumerable minute specks seen floating in a beam of light; (contextually) an irritating particle in the eye or throat. [OED] An example from OED: Moving freely about like the motes we see in the sunbeam. 1880, W. Wallace, Epicureanism Scientifically, the phenomenon is light scattering.
In addition to the interrogative particle 'ara' in Greek or 'ne' in Latin, a speaker/writer could signal that the expected answer was 'yes', by using instead the particle arou (Greek) or nonne (Latin), or could signal the opposite by using instead the particle (s) 'ara may (αρα μη). They are indicating to us 'how to take the sentence'.