In rabbinic literature, Balaam is portrayed as a non-Israelite prophet with powers comparable to Moses but is often depicted negatively for his attempts to curse Israel, his role in leading them to sin, and his eventual execution.
In the Bible, Balaam was a wicked man whom God used to deliver true prophecies. God spoke to him and gave him true words to speak about Israel. Later, Balaam showed his true character and led God's people into sin. Although many people call Balaam a “false prophet,” some argue that the label is imprecise because his prophecies were true.
Balaam first appears in the Hebrew Scriptures in connection with the Israelites’ journey through the plains of Moab, just before their entrance into the land of Canaan (Numbers 22-24). He was known as a diviner or prophet from the region of Pethor, near the Euphrates River.
Balaam was highly regarded by the Moabites and Midianites as a soothsayer (Joshua 13:22) and prophet (Numbers 24:2-9) who could bless or curse with his words. His brother, Bela, was a king of Edom. Although Balaam lived among idolaters, he professed great knowledge of God.
The fascinating story of Balak and Balaam’s failed attempts to curse the Jewish people, in which a talking donkey and a sword-wielding angel also take starring roles.
Who was Balaam son of Beor in the Bible? This first article of a three-part series explores the enigmatic prophet-diviner from Numbers 22–24, his Aramean origins, and his surprising role in blessing Israel.
Who Is Balaam Son of Beor? Part One - Biblical Archaeology Society
The basic outline of Balaam’s story is relatively simple: Balak hires him to curse the Israelites, whom he sees as a threat to Moab; but instead Balaam blesses them in a series of four poetic oracles, since he can only say the words that God puts into his mouth.